Study of non-equilibrium phenomena in semiconductors and effects in spectroscopies: characterization of the dynamic electronic properties of organic thin films and inorganic materials, by using spectroscopy and pump and probe techniques. Expertise in photoemission, inverse photoemission, X-ray absorption and optical absorption, including instrumentation development of UV detector for inverse photoemission. I have also concerned about the non-equilibrium effect of photon and electron fluxes on the electronic properties at the surface/interface of organic and inorganic semiconductors, developing a Matlab code that evaluates the surface (photo)voltage effect and models its evolution in time. I participated in the design and commissioning of an end station for time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy, currently mounted at the BACH Beamline of ELETTRA (Sincrotrone Trieste).